ESG UQAM · Assistant Professor of Finance

The stock market
is going passive.

I study what that does.

Pouya Behmaram

Passive InvestingAsset PricingInstitutional InvestorsSustainable Finance
Pouya Behmaram, Assistant Professor of Finance, ESG UQAM

ESG UQAM

Montréal, Canada

Research Agenda

Three questions about the passive revolution

01

Does passive ownership compress stock demand elasticity?

High-indexed stocks are 40% less elastic than low-indexed peers. A counterfactual freezing passive ownership at 2000 levels suggests aggregate elasticity would be 76% higher today, with active investors only partially offsetting the mechanical effect.

Indexing and the Elasticity of Stock Demand
02

Do passive flows inflate prices beyond fundamentals?

High-indexed stocks outperform, but this is driven by capital inflows rather than superior fundamentals. Adjusting for passive flows reveals lower long-run expected returns, and explains the recent underperformance of value and small-cap stocks.

The Passive Paradox
03

How do active fund managers adapt to the rise of indexing?

Using a fund-level approach across the global active equity universe, we trace the heterogeneous impact of passive growth through three channels: learning about skill, effects on noise trading, and the erosion of index price efficiency.

Work in progress
Working Papers

Featured Research

All papers
Working Paper2026

Indexing and the Elasticity of Stock Demand

IFMB 2025 Best Paper Award

The rise of passive investing has compressed stock demand elasticity, but through which stocks and by how much? I construct the Indexing Inclusion Ratio (IXI), a holdings-based measure of realized passive ownership adjusted for Active Share, and embed it in a demand system. Stocks with high passive ownership are 40% less elastic than low-passive stocks, and index additions are associated with discrete elasticity declines. In a partial-equilibrium counterfactual that freezes passive ownership at its 2000 level, estimated aggregate elasticity is 76% higher, with active investors partially offsetting the mechanical effect.

JEL:G11, G12, G14, G23Keywords:passive investing, demand elasticity, index inclusion, Active Share, closet indexing, demand system, asset pricing
Working Paper2026

The Passive Paradox: Why High-Indexed Stocks Outperform Despite Lower Expected Returns

FMA 2025 Best Paper Award (Asset Pricing) — Semi-Finalist
Working Paper2026

Climate Background Risk and the Demand for Green and Brown Stocks

with Evan Jo

Draft available upon request
IXI: Indexing Inclusion Ratio

A new measure of realized passive ownership

IXI is a holdings-based measure of realized passive ownership, adjusted for Active Share. Unlike flow-based or classification-based proxies, IXI isolates the actual passive footprint in each stock, enabling cleaner identification of how indexing affects demand, prices, and expected returns across the cross-section.

About

I am an Assistant Professor of Finance at ESG UQAM (École des sciences de la gestion, Université du Québec à Montréal). I received my PhD in Finance from McGill University in 2024 and hold an MSc in Finance and Economics from the London School of Economics.

My research centers on the shift from active to passive investing and its consequences for equity markets. I construct the Indexing Inclusion Ratio (IXI), a holdings-based measure of realized passive ownership adjusted for Active Share, and use it to document how passive capital flows reduce stock demand elasticity, inflate prices beyond fundamental value, and compress long-run expected returns. A related project studies how active fund managers respond to the growing dominance of passive capital, tracing the channels through which indexing affects their behavior and performance.

A second line of work examines climate risk in asset pricing. I develop a demand-system framework in which investors differ in both their climate beliefs and their exposure to nontradable climate background risk, and study how these two forces jointly determine equilibrium demand for green and brown assets.